Enhancing Writing Skills through Web-based Learning (WBL) in ESL/EFL Classrooms: A Systematic Review

Web-based learning (WBL) is an innovative approach to education that empowers learners by offering them flexibility and control over their educational journey. This systematic literature review aimed to identify web-based instructional strategies for enhancing English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing skills that have been employed over the past decade. This review employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework across major academic databases, including Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and the Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC). Out of 97 articles, 18 journal articles were selected based on set exclusion and inclusion criteria. The results highlighted a significant finding in research on WBL as a means of enhancing English writing skills worldwide. Accordingly, six types of web-based instructional platforms can improve ESL/EFL writing skills: 1) cloud-based applications, 2) learning management systems (LMS), 3) inquiry-oriented learning tools, 4) automated writing evaluation (AWE), 5) online grammar checking and editing tools, and 6) digital storytelling. Furthermore, the review identified three significant themes: the use of WBL methods improved collaborative writing, peer feedback increased learners’ engagement and motivation and enhanced soft skills. Thus, this study offers valuable insights into the role of technology-enhanced language learning, specifically focusing on web-based instructional methods to be implemented to enhance ESL writing skills.