Digital Transformation Model of Islamic Religious Education in the AI Era: A Case Study of Madrasah Aliyah in East Java, Indonesia

Islamic Religious Education (Pendidikan Agama Islam, PAI) at the madrasah level in Indonesia currently faces significant challenges in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) era, particularly in integrating digital technology while preserving core Islamic values. Therefore, the digital transformation of PAI learning is essential as a concrete step toward establishing a responsive and sustainable modern education model. This study explores the digital transformation model of PAI at three Madrasah Aliyah in East Java (MAJB, MANR, MAJE) in the AI era. Employing a qualitative aapproach through a multi-site case study design, data were collected through non-participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis followed Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory and the interactive model proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results reveal that the digital transformation model in MAJB, MANR, and MAJE is manifested in two key aspects. First is the institutional strategy, which encompasses the development of digital infrastructure and stakeholder collaboration. Second is the pedagogical and instructional system, which involves integrating Learning Management Systems (LMS) and implementing the flipped classroom model. This study highlights how madrasahs balance digital transformation with Islamic values by implementing ethical content filtering, teacher training grounded in Islamic principles, and value-based learning design. These strategies integrate technology in madrasahs while preserving core Islamic values, enhancing educational quality. This research contributes by: 1) Expanding Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory in Islamic education; 2) Offering practical models for digital transformation; 3) Developing contextually relevant digital education models.