Valeological aspects of emotional regulation and practices for getting out of Karpman’s "Triangle of Suffering"

Background. Karpman’s "Triangle of Suffering" is a model of social interaction of people who are in "toxic", conflict relationships in the roles of mainly the Victim, Persecutor and Rescuer, experience negative emotions (fear, resentment, guilt, anger, aggression) and generate such emotions in other participants in Karpmanian relationships. These negative emotions can cause mental disorders, social maladjustment and psychosomatic pathology; therefore, when teaching valeological disciplines, it is necessary to show how to find a way out from Karpman’s triangle through the self-regulation of emotions. There is a lack of empirical research that proves the success of such training. Aim. Studying the practices of coming out of Karpman’s "Triangle of Suffering" and efficiency of emotional self-regulation in non-medical students when learning valeological disciplines. Materials and Methods. The study was carried out using the method of system analysis, sociological and bibliosemantic methods (97 literary sources were analyzed). The study included a sample of 124 students, equally divided by gender (62 males and 62 females), with an average age of 20.4 years. Participants were divided into control (n=17) and main groups according to the criteria for their participation in the Karpman’s triangle, the chosen strategies for exiting the triangle and the implementation of the exit intention. We proposed two strategies to exit the Karpman triangle, namely defensive (termination of communication with so called "Karpman’s team members") and Emotional-Energy Transformation (EET, reaching a new energy level in a triangle with a change of roles and transformation of emotions). Emotional interaction was assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale twice with an interval of at least 1 month between surveys. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics (M±SD), comparative analysis (t-test), correlation studies, and calculation of effect magnitude (Cohen’s d). The study was approved by the ethics committees of two scientific institutions. Results and Conclusions. Among the 124 participants in the study, 24 students chose the EET strategy, of which 16 people fully implemented it. EET produced the best emotional regulation scores (average DERS reduction of [42.5±4.7] points at 87.5%). The defensive strategy chosen by 5 participants (of whom only 1 person implemented) showed an average decrease in DERS of only [19.8±3.2] points. Keywords: strategies for getting out of toxic relationships, Victim, Rescuer, Persecutor, transformation of emotions.