The effect of data sharing on supply chain risks: a quasi-natural experiment from China’s public data open platforms

Data represent a crucial production factor and information source for firms’ production scheduling and risk management. Exploiting China’s staggered establishment of public data open platforms (PDOPs), I sample Chinese A-share listed firms (2010–2022) and apply a staggered difference-in-differences model to investigate how data sharing impacts firm-level supply chain risk. Supply chain risk decreases significantly following PDOP establishment. Data sharing via PDOPs alleviates the “bullwhip effect” and promotes supply chain diversification, mitigating supply chain risks. In more complex firms, those with more advanced digital innovation, as well as non-state-owned firms, data sharing plays a greater role in alleviating supply chain risks. These findings increase awareness of the significance of data resources and offer practical guidance for enterprises’ supply chain risk management.