Evaluation of the morphology of anterior permanent mandibular teeth in a population of adolescents from Kraków aged 18–20 years on the basis of pantomography and volumetric tomography (CBCT) — a comparative analysis

The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontic diagnostics and treatment is gaining importance due to its ability to provide three-dimensional imaging of tooth structures and their surroundings. CBCT allows a precise assessment of the anatomy of the endodontic space, which is crucial in planning and performing effective root canal treatment. Traditional two-dimensional imaging techniques often prove insufficient in diagnosing the complex morphology of dental canals, increasing the risk of leaving areas untreated and potential treatment failure. The aim of the study was to assess the ability to analyses the morphology of anterior mandibular teeth in adolescents aged 18-20 from Kraków using two diagnostic methods: panoramic radiographs (OPG) and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The study compared the effectiveness of both methods in identifying key anatomical and morphological parameters of teeth. The analysis covered radiographs of 306 permanent teeth (102 central incisors, 102 lateral incisors, 102 canines) in 51 patients. The analyzed parameters included the number of roots, the number of root canals, the length of teeth and canals, the presence of apical delta, lateral canals, denticles, and the classification of dental cavity morphology according to Vertucci. The results were compared statistically using McNamara and Wilcoxon tests. • Central incisors: CBCT showed more pronounced differences in the number of canals and the presence of additional structures (e.g., apical delta in 50% of cases), when compared to OPG (4%). • Lateral incisors: CBCT showed incisors with two canals in 37% of the cases, while OPG identified none. CBCT also presented the apical delta more precisely (43% vs. 6% in OPG). • Canines: CBCT identified two channels in 19% and apical delta in 60% of the cases, while OPG identified two channels in 2% and 20% of the cases, respectively. CBCT proved to be a more precise diagnostic method when compared to OPG, especially in assessing the number of canals, and the presence of apical delta and lateral canals. The results suggest that CBCT provides important information in the diagnostics of.