Building Lay Society Knowledge and Education for Health Technology Assessment and Policy Engagement: Case of CFTR Modulator Access in Brazil

The health technology assessment (HTA) is a multidisciplinary process utilized to determine the clinical, economic, social, and ethical value of new health technologies before they are incorporated into healthcare systems. In the case of rare diseases, such as Cystic Fibrosis (CF), challenges arise due to limited evidence and high treatment costs. Indeed, although CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators are breakthrough therapies for CF, their incorporation into public health systems has been complex with considerable challenges, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This article presents a descriptive and exploratory case study of the regulatory and policy journey for CFTR modulators to be approved in Brazil. Based on a narrative review and document analysis, we highlight the importance of building lay society knowledge to shape policy decisions and promote equitable access to innovative therapies. In parallel, we critically reflect on the HTA process and highlight efforts in the training, education, and coordination required to enable meaningful public engagement and landmark achievements.