Delayed vs. Concomitant Urethrectomy for Non-Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: Perioperative and Survival Outcomes from a Single Tertiary Centre in the United Kingdom

<b>Introduction:</b> The role of urethrectomy at the time of Robotic-Assisted or Open Radical Cystectomy (RARC, ORC) is controversial. Whether urethrectomy should be performed at the time of RARC/ORC or delayed up to a 3-6 month interval is unclear. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of perioperative and survival outcomes in patients with high-risk NMIBCs or non-metastatic MIBCs at our institution who underwent either concomitant or deferred urethrectomy after RC. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> cTis-T1 or cT2-T4, N0-1, M0 BC patients who underwent RARC or ORC from 2009 to 2024 were reviewed. Clinical, demographic, tumour, and patient characteristics and perioperative variables were assessed across concomitant and delayed urethrectomy groups. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to estimate the impact of significant variables on intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. Univariable Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox regression modelling was implemented to explore the relative effect of time of urethrectomy on progression-free survival (PFS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS). <b>Results:</b> A total of <i>n</i> = 58 patients (<i>n</i> = 47 delayed vs. <i>n</i> = 11 concomitant) with similar demographic characteristics were included. The concomitant urethrectomy group experienced longer operative time and greater blood loss (379 ± 65 min and 430 ± 101 mL vs. 342 ± 82 min and 422 ± 125 mL, with <i>p</i> = 0.049 and <i>p</i> = 0.028, respectively). Hospital readmission rates were higher in the concomitant urethrectomy group (36.4% vs. 8.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.016; OR: 17.9; 95% CI 1.2-265; <i>p</i> = 0.036). In Cox regression analysis, the timing of urethrectomy had no influence on PFS, CSS, or OS (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study suggests that urethrectomy can be safely deferred unless urothelial disease is clearly present pre- or intraoperatively without compromising survival outcome and with the advantage of reducing surgical morbidity at the time of RC.