Innovative grammar instruction: employing corpus-based pedagogy and the 4P model for teaching <i>Wh</i> -questions

Abstract This exploratory study addresses the ongoing challenge of making grammar teaching more effective and engaging. Recognising that no single approach fits all learners, the paper underscores the necessity for teachers to tailor their strategies to accommodate varying needs, interests and learning styles. By leveraging computer-assisted techniques, corpus linguistics enables the analysis of extensive, principled databases of authentic language to uncover linguistic patterns. This paper introduces a data-driven learning (DDL) approach that utilises corpus-based natural language within a 4P model (Presentation, Problem-solving, Practice, Production) to teach wh -questions. The effectiveness of this approach was assessed through pre- and post-tests, student evaluations and interviews with selected participants. Findings indicate significant improvements in students’ understanding of wh -questions and an increase in motivation to learn. The research demonstrates how educators can effectively integrate the form-focused, corpus-based DDL approach into the 4P model, fostering a well-rounded focus on form, meaning and use in grammar instruction.