Research on Path Planning Method for Temporary Access Roads Based on Ahp and Aca Algorithm

This study addresses the path planning problem of temporary roads for material transportation in power transmission line construction, proposing an integrated optimization method based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and an improved ant colony algorithm. Key influencing factors such as terrain, equipment constraints, surface features, and economic efficiency are analyzed. A grid-based environmental model is constructed to incorporate slope, aspect, relief amplitude, surface objects, and road length. Using AHP, the weights of these factors are determined, and a comprehensive cost index model is established to quantify traversal costs across different regions. The improved ant colony algorithm introduces constraints on minimum turning radius, maximum longitudinal slope, and road width, while optimizing pheromone update mechanisms to search for paths with the lowest comprehensive cost. Experimental results demonstrate that this method effectively balances construction safety, economic efficiency, and operational feasibility through grid-based environmental modeling and multi-objective optimization. In mountainous terrains, it significantly reduces earthwork volume and demolition costs. By providing a quantifiable decision-making tool for temporary road planning, this approach enhances engineering practicality and adaptability in complex environments.