Natural infection of filarioid nematodes in mosquitoes: An approach to neglected disease xenosurveillance and prevention in intercontinental human transit areas in Darién

Our findings demonstrate the significant and widespread circulation of filarial parasites across diverse mosquito species in Darién, Panama. The identification of a broad range of filarial species, notably including Brugia-like species, highlights the complex dynamic of filarial parasite circulation in this region. The consistently elevated infection rates in Uranotaenia species, among others, underscore their potential critical role as vectors. This study provides essential entomological data, emphasizing the urgent need for continuous surveillance and targeted public health interventions to mitigate filarial transmission risks.