A General and Modular Approach to Solid-State Integration of Zero-Dimensional Quantum Systems
Here, we present an all-electrical readout mechanism for quasi-0D quantum states (0D-QS), such as point defects, adatoms, and molecules, that is modular and general, providing an approach that is amenable to scaling and integration with other solid-state quantum technologies. Our approach relies on the creation of high-quality tunnel junctions via the mechanical exfoliation and stacking of multilayer graphene (MLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) to encapsulate the target system in an MLG/hBN/0D-QS/hBN/MLG heterostructure. This structure allows for all-electronic spectroscopy and readout of candidate systems through a combination of coulomb and spin-blockade. As a proof of principle, we demonstrate electronic tunneling spectroscopy of point defects in hBN and the molecular qubit vanadyl phthalocyanine. Our approach demonstrates a new pathway for the incorporation of molecules and atomic defects into solid-state quantum devices and circuits along with a readout scheme that does not rely on highly constrained optical processes for photonic readout.
Authors
- Daniel A. Pharis
- Jay Gupta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7719)
- Michael E. Flatté (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5093-1549)
- P. C. Canfield (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7715-0643)
- Ezekiel Johnston‐Halperin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6240-3505)
- Ferdous Ara (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6977-4376)
- Takashi Taniguchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1467-3105)
- Michael C. Hamilton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-6790)
- Mingyu Xu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7138-6009)
- R. Douglas Greer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-2411)
- William Koll (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2172-3187)
- Marzieh Kavand (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1546-3636)
- K. Maleki
- Danna E. Freedman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2579-8835)
- Ethel Perez-Hoyos
- Zoe Phillips
Institutions
- University of Iowa (US)
- University of Alabama (US)
- Iowa State University (US)
- National Institute for Materials Science (JP)
- Ames National Laboratory (US)
- Astronomy and Space (AU)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Eindhoven University of Technology (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nano Letters
- Published
- 2025-09-03
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5c03125
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Quantum and electron transport phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.49
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Ohio State University
- University of Michigan
- Iowa State University
- Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences
- Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, Harvard University
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Division of Materials Research
- Division of Graduate Education
- Office of Multidisciplinary Activities
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
- Air Force Research Laboratory
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering