Biomechanical gait analysis in show‐jumping horses after 10 weeks of water treadmill training

RP with distances set to 100% of horse's forelimb step length.Flexion, extension and total ROM of T10/T13/T15/T18/L2/L4 were calculated and analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA with an adjusted p-value ( p < 0.01).Results: Trotting in-hand over poles increased total ROM at T10/T13/ T15/T18/L2/L4 (all < p = 0.001).The thoracic spine was more extended when trotting over GP and RP compared to NP at T10 (NP:18.642.81 , GP:19.682.91 , RP:21.203.21, p = 0.008), T13 (NP:12.763.07 , GP:14.253.23 , RP:15.183.90 , p < 0.001), T15 (NP:1.29 2.07 , GP:2.632.24, RP:3.262.68 , p < 0.001).Increased extension of the thoracolumbar spine occurred for the RP vs. GP at T10 (p = 0.008) and T13, T15, T18, L2, L4 (all p < 0.001).Maximal thoracolumbar flexion decreased over GP and RP, compared to NP, at T10 (NP:14.282.92, GP:12.613.04 , RP:12.653.66 , p < 0.001 for both), T13 (NP:9