Intracardiac Echocardiography Guided Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in a Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patient Ineligible for Standard Echocardiography

Intracardiac echocardiography can be performed under local anesthesia and provides real-time monitoring with high image quality without interference from the procedure during transcatheter aortic valve replacement, even when transthoracic echocardiography and transesophageal echocardiography guidance are not appropriate owing to the patient's severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.