The Applications of PD1 Monoclonal Antibody in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is currently the most deadly type of cancer, with non-small cell lung cancer dominating, thus making it the primary focus of clinical research and treatment. Despite advances in modern medicine, traditional treatment methods still have limitations in improving patient survival rates. This is especially true in advanced cases, where the survival rate is extremely low, below 20%. Immune checkpoint inhibitors represented by PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have made significant progress in NSCLC treatment, which restores T cell function by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and prolongs the patient's survival, but there are problems such as drug resistance and adverse reaction management. Currently, there is insufficient systematic integration of PD-1 mAb in NSCLC, drug resistance mechanism and combination therapy strategies. This paper analyzes the mechanism of action of PD-1 mAb, elaborates on the clinical application data of Pembrolizumab, Atezolizumab and Nivolumab in different stages of NSCLC, including efficacy, safety and adverse reaction management strategies, and discusses drug resistance mechanism and response plans. The findings demonstrate that their single-agent or combination treatment can increase patients' survival and objective response rate, but attention should be paid to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and drug resistance issues. This study provides theoretical support for optimizing the individualized application of PD-1 mAb in NSCLC. In the future, biomarkers can be explored to accurately predict the efficacy, develop new combination treatment plans to overcome drug resistance, and promote the more efficient and safe development of NSCLC immunotherapy.