Podoconiosis: a comprehensive clinical review and strategies for control and elimination

Podoconiosis, a neglected tropical disease, manifests as non-filarial lymphedema, primarily affecting the lower limbs. It arises due to prolonged exposure of bare feet to irritant red clay soils in genetically susceptible individuals. The disease is preventable and manageable but remains a public health challenge in endemic areas, including several countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This review explores the clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges, and strategies for prevention and management of podoconiosis. Early intervention, including consistent use of footwear and improved foot hygiene, can significantly reduce disease burden. Lymphoedema management packages, including compression therapy and nodulectomy, show promising outcomes in improving patients' quality of life. However, structural barriers such as resource limitations, stigma, and limited awareness continue to hinder control efforts. Addressing these challenges through integrated care, advocacy, and investment in research offers a viable pathway to the elimination of podoconiosis.