The role of lymphadenectomy in surgical treatment of lung cancer

The role of different types of lymphadenectomies in the curative-intent treatment of lung cancer is still a matter of debate. The aim of this review was to summarize the aspects of anatomy of the lymphatic systems of the lung and mediastinum and lymph node dissection, that are most important from the practical point of view. Literature search of Medline and Embase databases was performed to identify relevant papers. Those providing data regarding anatomy of the lymphatic system of the lung and mediastinum and all aspects of lymph node dissection in patients with lung cancer were reviewed. References included in the selected papers were also checked for relevance to the subject of this review. Retrieved data were grouped according to the following sections: (1) anatomy of the lymphatic system of the lung and mediastinum, (2) prevalence and numbers of mediastinal lymph nodes, (3) classification systems of pulmonary and mediastinal lymph nodes, (4) technical aspects of curative-intent lymphadenectomy and (5) special considerations.