Examining the Results of Antibiogram in the Urine Cultures of 1-12-Year-Old Children with Urinary Tract Infections Hospitalized in Affiliated Hospitals of Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences، Tehran، 2021-2022

Introduction: The widespread occurrence of urinary tract infections, challenges in clinical and laboratory diagnosis, varying the clinical manifestations across different age groups, and antibiotic resistance in various regions and studies in recent years have made urinary tract infections a topic of special importance. These infections can significantly impact children's health, highlighting the importance of identifying the microorganisms involved and their drug resistance patterns. Methods: In this applied study, conducted as a descriptive cross-sectional study, 90 hospitalized children suffering from urinary tract infections at hospitals affiliated with the Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences in Tehran were selected using a convenience sampling method during the years 2021-2022. Demographic information, alongside variables such as microorganisms identified in urine culture results, received antibiotics, and reported antibiotic resistances in antibiogram results, were collected through questionnaires and patient files for analysis and assessment. Results: The results revealed that the most commonly isolated organism was Escherichia coli at 68%, with Klebsiella at 8.5%, Proteus at 7.8%, Enterobacter at 6.2%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus at 3.8%, Candida at 2.1%, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus at 2.1%, and gram-positive cocci at 1.3%. The highest drug resistance occurred with ampicillin at 73.3%, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at 66% and cephalexin at 65.2%. Conclusion: Microscopic and chemical analysis of urine can provide necessary information regarding urine culture. Given the overall increase in antibiotic resistance, there is a need for more studies to provide new recommendations for antibiotic use in pediatric patients. These studies may enhance the treatment of urinary tract infections and reduce the complications associated with drug resistance.