Sustainable Nutrient Management Strategies for Enhancing Potato Production: The Role of Cover Crops—A Systematic Review

The global demand for agricultural products, like potatoes, is increasing due to population growth, so we must use more sustainable farming methods. Traditional potato farming often relies too much on synthetic fertilisers, which can harm the environment and lead to inefficiencies. This study examines how different cover crops (like legumes) affect potato yields and quality, and their benefits for soil health. It also explores why farmers do not always use cover crops. This study found that using leguminous cover crops can increase potato yields by 12–38%, improve soil structure, reduce erosion and greenhouse gas emissions, and help with water retention. Cover crops also increase soil organic matter and help with nutrient cycling, making farming more sustainable. However, some farmers are hesitant to adopt cover crops because of concerns about yield risks and higher labour costs. To overcome these barriers, this study suggests educating farmers about the long-term benefits, providing financial incentives to help with the costs, and creating region-specific guidelines for using cover crops. Policymakers and agricultural organisations should encourage farming practices that focus on soil health and using resources efficiently. By addressing these challenges, we can make sustainable potato farming more common, helping ensure food security and environmental sustainability, especially with climate change.