Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy

This case report describes two infants with persistent tachypnea, retractions, hypoxemia during sleep, and failure to thrive. After excluding common causes, high-resolution CT revealed ground-glass opacities in the lingula and perihilar regions. The infants were diagnosed with NEHI, and their treatment was mainly supportive. The prognosis of NEHI is typically of gradual improvement. The cases highlight the need for accurate diagnosis, individual treatment, and referral to highly specialized pediatric pulmonology centers. Lung biopsy should be considered in uncertain or prolonged cases.