Antibiotic Resistance Trends in Urinary Tract Infections: A Study from the Center of Iran (2021-23)

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a critical global issue, particularly in developing countries where high population density and poverty exacerbate the problem.This study examined the prevalence and trends of antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infections (UTIs) in western Iran from 2021 to 2023.Materials & Methods: 2,185 patients with UTI symptoms were sampled at Qaem Clinic.Urine samples were collected and cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) and blood agar.Bacterial isolates were identified using biochemical tests, and antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed using the standard disc diffusion method.Results: Escherichia coli was the most prevalent pathogen (56%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (32%).The study found that 71% of isolated bacteria were multidrug-resistant (MDR), with significant resistance against oxacillin (79%) and cotrimoxazole (60%).Among Gramnegative bacteria, the highest resistance was noted for cephalothin (41%) and cotrimoxazole (36.5%).Conclusions: These findings highlight the urgent need to regularly monitor antibiotic sensitivity patterns to inform effective treatment strategies for UTIs.Treatment should be guided by urine culture results to ensure optimal outcomes and address the rising threat of antibiotic resistance.