Improving reliability with wormhole detection for mobile routing to enhance network security

Problems with mobile routing in lossy, low-power networks (LLNs) are examined in this paper. The IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL), which is the IPv6 standard routing protocol for LLNs, has mostly been investigated in static LLNs and does not clearly contain a mobility support mechanism. The IPv6 over low power wireless personal area networks (6LoWPAN) protocol, which aims to make it possible to transmit IPv6 packets over low-power wireless networks, is one example of an LLN protocol. Routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) and constrained application protocol are other LLN protocols (CoAP). A node in an ad hoc network collects packets from one location and retransmits them to another using a long-distance link inside the network. This method determines the wormhole link by computing the largest end-to-end latency between any two nodes in the communication range.