The interpersonal process model of intimacy: An experimental investigation of the role of depression in forming connections

Introduction: Depression has a significant impact on a person's interpersonal relationships. Individuals experiencing symptoms of depression report fewer close relationships and meaningful interactions. One model for understanding the development of close relationships is the Interpersonal Process Model of Intimacy (IPM). The IPM suggests that closeness develops when one member of a dyad engages in a vulnerable self-disclosure, and the other member responds to that disclosure in a way that is viewed as responsive. Little is known about how depression impacts the process of engaging in the IPM. Methods: One hundred twenty undergraduate participants were randomly assigned to a 45-minute semistructured small talk condition or a semi-structured condition that called for personal disclosure. During each condition, the participant answered questions with a trained research assistant. Before the experimental task and every 15 minutes, participants completed self-report scales assessing feelings of connection, vulnerable self-disclosure, and provided responsiveness. Results: Findings suggested that individuals reporting higher levels of depression experienced less connection over time than non-depressed individuals, based on condition. A similar pattern emerged in self-reported responses to the research assistant. Discussion: Based on these findings, it is indicated that depression impacts feelings of connection and effective responding but that the impact of depression on willingness to engage in vulnerable disclosure is multiply controlled, and further research is needed.