Fire Resilience Assessment and Application in Urban Rail Transit Systems

With the rapid development of urban underground rail transit, its enclosed and densely populated environment significantly increases fire risks, posing serious threats to personnel safety and operational stability. Based on the WSR methodology and 4M theory, this study identifies fire-related factors from the physical, operational, and human dimensions. And refine indicators at the four levels of personnel, equipment and facilities, environment, and management to establish a resilience assessment system for urban underground rail transit fires. The results detailed display the application of Cross-Influence Analysis (CIA) and analytic network process (ANP) methods in fire resilience evaluation, including theoretical framework construction, computational procedures, and result analysis. A comprehensive assessment system is developed, comprising 14 secondary indicators under four primary criteria: resistance capacity, adaptation capacity, absorption capacity, and resilience capacity. And then, the CIA and ANP methods were employed to quantify inter-indicator relationships and weights through 15 expert evaluations and 52 judgment matrices, facilitating disaster-adaptive strategy formulation. Finally, an empirical analysis of Xi’an Metro Line 1 reveals that resistance capacity and resilience capacity are critical to fire resilience, with fire cause investigation and post-incident review exhibiting the highest weights. Meanwhile, resilience enhancement strategies are proposed, including optimized monitoring equipment deployment, strengthened emergency drills, and improved personnel training. The paper innovatively integrates WSR methodology and 4M theory to establish a comprehensive, representative metro fire resilience assessment system with CIA-ANP quantification. This study provides novel methodological support for fire safety assessment in urban underground rail transit systems, offering significant theoretical and practical value.