Corruption in Healthcare Procurement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Identifying determinants and proposing comprehensive anti-corruption strategies

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed and exacerbated existing vulnerabilities in global healthcare systems, particularly regarding corruption in supply chain management. This research aims to identify corruption's factors and effective counterstrategies. Methods: In 2024, A comprehensive scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's guidelines. The search involved major databases (Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus) as well as a manual search of literature and reports. A two-reviewer screening process applied inclusion and exclusion criteria to all citations. Data were extracted using a standardized form and presented in a tabular format before undergoing qualitative content analysis. This qualitative content analysis identified key factors contributing to corruption and proposed effective anti-corruption strategies Results: Corruption in healthcare supply chains arises from various factors, including structural, political, governance, sociocultural, technological, and human resource factors. Suggested counterstrategies included Procurement and Supply Chain Measures, Transparency and Accountability Mechanisms, Regulatory and Legislative Measures, Capacity Building and Coordination, and Civic Engagement and Oversight. Conclusion: A multidimensional, comprehensive approach is needed across all health systems to fight corruption. Implementing suggested strategies will augment public trust in healthcare institutions and safeguard public health against future crises. Findings provide policymakers and managers a roadmap.