Numerical investigation of resolution in single emitter localization-based imaging systems

In this paper, we numerically analyze the factors determining localization precision and resolution in single emitter localization-based imaging systems. While previous studies have considered a limited set of parameters, our numerical approach incorporates additional parameters with significant reference values, yielding a more comprehensive analysis of the results. We differentiate between the effects of additive and multiplicative noise on localization precision using numerical modeling and take the influence of the sampling frequency into account, computing the optimal sampling frequency for varying resolution requirements. Leveraging a suite of derived equations, we systematically simulate and quantify how variations in these parameters influence system performance. Furthermore, we provide guidelines for optimizing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) requirements and pixel size selection based on point spread function (PSF) width in single emitter localization-based imaging systems. This numerically driven research offers critical insights for the analysis of more complex imaging systems.