Comparative Assessment of Health Risks Associated with E-Cigarettes versus Conventional Cigarettes: An Original Study in the Navi Mumbai Population

Background: A better alternate of traditional cigarette based on new technology.It is a battery powered device that provides inhaled doses of nicotine through a vapourized solution.E-cigarette consists nicotine which is not harmful for health.Ecigarette does not use tobacco.Tobacco use remains a significant public health problem, with conventional cigarettes being a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality.The emergence of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a perceived "safer" alternative has generated debate regarding their actual health risks.Objective: To compare the health effects and risk perceptions of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes in the Navi Mumbai population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 adults aged 18-60 years in Navi Mumbai.Participants were divided into three groups: conventional cigarette users (n=100), e-cigarette users (n=100), and non-smokers (n=100).Data were collected using structured questionnaires and clinical assessments of respiratory, cardiovascular, and oral health parameters.Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and logistic regression.Results: Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was significantly higher among conventional smokers (68%) compared to ecigarette users (42%) and non-smokers (15%) (p<0.001).Oral health issues (staining, gingivitis) were more frequent in conventional smokers (74%) compared to e-cigarette users (39%) (p<0.001).Mean systolic blood pressure was highest in conventional smokers (132.4 10.2 mmHg) compared to e-cigarette users (126.7 8.9 mmHg) and non-smokers (121.1 7.6 mmHg).Awareness regarding risks was limited; 61% of e-cigarette users believed vaping was "safe" compared to only 18% of smokers who felt cigarettes were safe.Conclusion: Both conventional and electronic cigarettes are associated with adverse health outcomes, though conventional cigarettes demonstrate greater risks.The misconception of e-cigarettes as "safe" highlights the need for public awareness campaigns in Navi Mumbai.