Modern Surgical Methods ofArticular Cartilage Repair: Review andComparative Analysis

Cartilage defects of the knee joint remain a relevant issue in modern orthopedics and sports traumatology. This article presents a comparative analysis of current surgical methods for articular cartilage repair, including autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI/MACI), osteochondral autograft transplantation (OATS), and the minced cartilage technique (MCT). Each method is reviewed in terms of clinical outcomes, morphological quality of the regenerate, complication rates, and revision surgeries. The potential of combining traditional techniques with mesenchymal stem cells and tissue engineering technologies is also highlighted. The review is based on recent clinical evidence from 2019 to 2024 and aims to inform evidence-baseddecision-making in the treatment of chondral injuries.Keywords: articular cartilage, ACI, MACI, OATS, minced cartilage, chondral defect, knee joint, cartilage regeneration.