Fish Consumption Pattern and Nutritional Awareness Among the Population of Sitamarhi District of Bihar, India

Fish play a vital role in ensuring food and nutritional security by providing high-quality protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Despite Bihar’s rich inland water resources, per capita fish consumption remains lower than the national average. This study aimed to assess fish consumption patterns, preferred species, and nutritional awareness among residents of Sitamarhi district, Bihar, India. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 2024 to March 2025 using a structured Google Forms questionnaire administered to 120 respondents, including students, professionals, and fish vendors. Data on socio-demographic profiles, dietary preferences, frequency of fish consumption, species choice, and awareness of nutritional benefits were collected. Additionally, field visits and market observations were conducted in major fish trading hubs such as Bazar Samiti, Gudri Bazar, Kargil Chowk, Bathnaha Bazar and Dumra. Quantitative data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and results were presented using descriptive statistics, tables, and figures. Among respondents, 78% were non-vegetarian, of whom 72% consume fish. Weekly consumption was most common (37.2%), followed by occasional (33.9%) and rare (28.9%) intake. Rohu (Labeo rohita, 20%), Bhakura (Catla catla,18%), Gaicha (Mastacembelus pancalus, 16 %) and Bighat (Hypophthalamichthyes molitrix, 12 %) were the most preferred species. While 85% of fish consumers recognized its role in brain health, fewer were aware of its cardiovascular and immune system benefits. Seasonal availability, religious fasting, and affordability significantly influenced consumption trends. Most consumers (72%) purchased fish from markets, with a smaller proportion sourcing from local ponds or farms. Fish is a culturally valued and widely consumed protein source in Sitamarhi, but comprehensive nutritional awareness remains limited. Enhancing public education, strengthening cold chain infrastructure, and promoting sustainable aquaculture could significantly improve fish consumption and rural livelihoods in the district.