Architectural and Structural Design Technologies in Polar Regions: A State-of-the-Art Review

Polar architecture research is a frontier field addressing extreme climate challenges and ecological protection needs. Its core involves developing building systems with coordinated optimization of environmental adaptability, energy self-sustainability, and eco-friendliness. Natural conditions such as extreme cold, strong wind, and permafrost melting threaten the safety of polar buildings, and the traditional high-energy consumption building models conflict with the global responsibility of polar protection. This study preliminarily reviews and discusses critical architectural and structural design technologies for polar regions, encompassing architectural design, green building technology, renewable energy, construction strategies, and materials science. The outcomes provide a view and foresight on the sustainable development of polar regions.