NiFe2O4 nanoparticles encapsulated by SiO2/NiTiO3; synthesis, characterization and enhanced photocatalytic activity

The layered NiFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 /NiTiO 3 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a simple composite procedure that combines mechanochemical and sonochemical reactions. Structural and morphological analyses confirmed the formation of pure-phase magnetic NiFe 2 O 4 and NiFe 2 O 4 /SiO 2 /NiTiO 3 nanoparticles with spherical shapes with average particle sizes of approximately 22 and 47 nm, respectively. The integration of a NiTiO 3 layer onto the NiFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles resulted in a layered structure, which enhanced photocatalytic properties for water treatment. The optical absorption edge was estimated at 2.55 eV, indicating its capability for photocatalytic activity under visible light. A tetracycline degradation efficiency of 98 % was achieved under visible light irradiation for 60 min in aqueous solution. The nanoparticles also demonstrated good reusability and stability, highlighting their potential as an effective photocatalyst. Furthermore, the magnetization properties of the resulting nanoparticles were thoroughly investigated, providing valuable insights into their magnetic behavior.