Clustering of the Air Pollution Standard Index (ISPU) in the Province of DKI Jakarta Using the CLARANS Algorithm

Air pollution has become a serious global issue. According to IQAir's 2024 report, DKI Jakarta ranked 10th among cities with the worst air quality worldwide, indicating that air pollution in DKI Jakarta has reached a concerning level. This research uses the CLARANS algorithm to cluster daily air quality in DKI Jakarta based on pollution parameters. CLARANS is chosen due to its advantages in terms of big data processing efficiency, outlier resistance, and medoid search capability. The novelty of this research lies in the application of CLARANS to overcome the limitations of clustering algorithms in previous research. This research comprises several stages, including data understanding, data preprocessing, building the CLARANS model, and evaluation using the silhouette score. The CLARANS clustering result using the most optimal parameter combination and k = 3 demonstrates well-separated cluster boundaries, with an overall average silhouette score across all regions and years of 0.6398. The analysis results indicate that air pollution in DKI Jakarta tends to worsen in 2024. Jakarta Barat and Jakarta Pusat are predominantly affected by PM10, CO, and O₃ pollution, whereas Jakarta Selatan and Jakarta Utara are more influenced by SO₂ and NO₂ pollution. On the other hand, air pollution in East Jakarta shows a balanced dominance from both pollutant categories.