Enhanced Heparin Adsorption from Porcine Mucosa Using Beta Zeolites: Optimization and Kinetic Analysis

Heparin, an essential plasma-derived therapy, acts as a naturally occurring anticoagulant and is essential in various physiological processes. Due to its complex structure, repeating units of sulfated glycosaminoglycan, it attracts attention in the field of commercial pharmaceuticals. In recent decades, significant advancements have been made in the development of economical adsorbents designed especially for the extraction of heparin from the intestinal mucosa of pigs, as evidenced by investments from various pharmaceutical industries. This requirement arises from the demand for efficient, scalable extraction methods for natural sources. In this study, we investigated the application of beta zeolites to increase the recovery of heparin from real porcine mucosa samples, emphasizing materials with greater adsorption surfaces, higher thermal stability, and increased porosity. According to our research, the zeolite CP814E’s macropores and huge surface area allow it to adsorb up to 20.6 mg·g−1 (39%) of heparin from actual mucosa samples. We also investigated the adsorbent’s surface conditions, which are essential for efficient heparin recovery, and adjusted temperature and pH to enhance heparin uptake. These findings demonstrate that zeolite-based adsorbents can enhance the extraction of heparin effectively for use in medicinal applications.