Effects of the compression rates on the lattice parameters in Zn investigated by dynamic diamond anvil cell

High-pressure experiments allow us to induce and control chemical reactions or synthesize materials of unique properties. Furthermore, they are our primary means to replicate the conditions of geological processes and thus of studying, measuring, and understanding compositions and conditions in planetary interiors or asteroid impacts and subduction, etc. In all those experiments, time is a critical factor, as the compression rate or strain rate defines and alters the sample environment. Until recently, most experiments have been performed with either quasistatic strain rates, <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mrow><a:mo>≤</a:mo><a:msup><a:mn>10</a:mn><a:mrow><a:mo>−</a:mo><a:mn>3</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup><a:mspace width="0.16em"/><a:msup><a:mrow><a:mi mathvariant="normal">s</a:mi></a:mrow><a:mrow><a:mo>−</a:mo><a:mn>1</a:mn></a:mrow></a:msup></a:mrow></a:math>, in diamond anvil cell and large volume press apparatus, or at very high strain rates, <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><d:mrow><d:mo>≥</d:mo><d:msup><d:mn>10</d:mn><d:mn>5</d:mn></d:msup><d:mspace width="0.16em"/><d:msup><d:mrow><d:mi mathvariant="normal">s</d:mi></d:mrow><d:mrow><d:mo>−</d:mo><d:mn>1</d:mn></d:mrow></d:msup></d:mrow></d:math>, using gas gun, laser shock, and ramp compression. The work presented here focuses on intermediate compression rates applied to hcp Zn, using the dynamic diamond anvil cell. The evolution of the lattice parameters depends on the choice of the pressure transmitting medium. Nevertheless, at nonhydrostatic conditions we observe a significant change in the evolution of the lattice parameter when compressed at strain rates of <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><g:mrow><g:mn>2</g:mn><g:mo>×</g:mo><g:msup><g:mn>10</g:mn><g:mrow><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:mn>2</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup><g:mspace width="0.16em"/><g:msup><g:mrow><g:mi mathvariant="normal">s</g:mi></g:mrow><g:mrow><g:mo>−</g:mo><g:mn>1</g:mn></g:mrow></g:msup></g:mrow></g:math> or <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><j:mrow><j:mn>2.7</j:mn><j:mo>×</j:mo><j:msup><j:mn>10</j:mn><j:mn>2</j:mn></j:msup><j:mspace width="0.16em"/><j:msup><j:mrow><j:mi mathvariant="normal">s</j:mi></j:mrow><j:mrow><j:mo>−</j:mo><j:mn>1</j:mn></j:mrow></j:msup></j:mrow></j:math>. At <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:mrow><m:mn>2.7</m:mn><m:mo>×</m:mo><m:msup><m:mn>10</m:mn><m:mn>2</m:mn></m:msup><m:mspace width="0.16em"/><m:msup><m:mrow><m:mi mathvariant="normal">s</m:mi></m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mo>−</m:mo><m:mn>1</m:mn></m:mrow></m:msup></m:mrow></m:math>, the ratio does not correlate with the results of slow nonhydrostatic experiments, but its trend resembles closer with hydrostatic, quasistatic data. The deviation indicates that strain rates of <p:math xmlns:p="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><p:mrow><p:mn>2.7</p:mn><p:mo>×</p:mo><p:msup><p:mn>10</p:mn><p:mn>2</p:mn></p:msup><p:mspace width="0.16em"/><p:msup><p:mrow><p:mi mathvariant="normal">s</p:mi></p:mrow><p:mrow><p:mo>−</p:mo><p:mn>1</p:mn></p:mrow></p:msup></p:mrow></p:math> interfere with the otherwise predominant deformation mechanism at quasistatic conditions.