Covalent organic frameworks-based sensors for the detection of neurotransmitters associated with neurogenic diseases

Neurotransmitters (NTs) are critical chemical compounds responsible for transmitting neural signals across synapses between neurons. These molecules play a fundamental role in regulating neuronal activity and maintaining the functional balance of the central nervous system. Disruptions in the balance or function of neurotransmitters can lead to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and associated with impairments in cognitive and motor functions. Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) seem to be as excellent candidates for NT detection due to their exceptional porosity, tunable functionality, and stability. NTs interact with COFs through mechanisms like chemical binding with NH₂ groups, hydrogen bonding, and electron transfer, leading to measurable fluorescence or electrochemical changes. COFs have been integrated into various biosensors, including optical and electrochemical platforms, to enhance NT detection. Fluorescent COFs indicate NT presence through emission shifts, while electrochemical COFs enable sensitive detection via voltammetry. Additionally, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) leverages COFs functionalized with metallic nanoparticles for precise identification. This study explores the role of COFs in identifying and recognizing neurotransmitters. • COFs are a new category of polymers organic with porous crystalline framework structure. • Frameworks (COFs) seem to be as excellent candidates for NT detection. • COFs can be integrated into various biosensors, including optical and electrochemical platforms, to enhance NT detection.