Comparative analysis of the effects of early breastfeeding versus formula feeding on the growthand development of preterm infants

This study aims to compare the effects of early breastfeeding and formula feeding on the growth and developmental outcomes of preterm infants over 24 months. A comparative longitudinal study was conducted involving 100 preterm infants divided into two groups: breastfeeding and formula feeding. Growth parameters (weight, length, head circumference) were monitored at regular intervals, and developmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development. Statistical analyses, including repeated measures ANOVA and regression models, were applied. Both groups exhibited similar growth trajectories, with formula-fed infants demonstrating slightly higher weight, length, and head circumference values, though these differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Developmental assessments showed comparable results across cognitive, motor, and social-emotional domains, with breastfed infants scoring marginally higher in cognitive and social-emotional development at 24 months. Breastfeeding and formula feeding both support the growth and development of preterm infants effectively.