Secure Charging Scheduling in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs) promise to address the limited energy resource issue for sensor nodes through wireless power transfer technology. However, WRSNs are vulnerable to various security threats, such as compromised node attack and malicious mobile charger (MC) attack, which can disrupt the charging process and degrade charging efficiency. In this work, we investigate the ene<underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</u>gy conversion <underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</u>fficiency maximization problem un<underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</u>er charg<underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</u>ng attack<underline xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</u> (REDIS). We propose a blockchain-based framework that employs a lightweight multi-layer storage approach tailored for resource-constrained sensor nodes and features consensus algorithms that validate charging transactions. Furthermore, we introduce a validation node selection strategy that integrates consensus execution with charging scheduling, reducing energy consumption, and improving energy efficiency. Extensive simulations and experiments validate the effectiveness of our framework, improving energy efficiency by 30% and as much as 5 times in networks without attacks and those under full attacks, respectively.