Competencias investigativas en educación superior: avances, estrategias pedagógicas y vacíos en la literatura reciente

Research competencies have become a cornerstone of contemporary higher education, owing to their critical role in shaping professionals capable of generating relevant and critical knowledge. This article aims to examine the progress, strategies, and gaps in recent literature concerning research competencies within the university context. To achieve this, a narrative literature review was conducted, focusing on academic sources published between 2020 and 2024. A total of 28 scholarly articles were selected from international databases, using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings reveal that research competencies are conceptualized as a multidimensional construct encompassing theoretical knowledge, methodological skills, ethical attitudes, and digital literacy. The study concludes that strengthening research competencies requires unified conceptual frameworks, sustained pedagogical innovation, and institutional policies that effectively align university research with contemporary social and global challenges.