Integrating fourth industrial revolution technologies in human resource practices: Mediating roles of work flexibility, quality of work life, and distributive fairness in enhancing employee productivity

This study investigates the impact of Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies including computing, digitalization, and system integration on employee productivity in public sector organizations in Sharjah, UAE. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), we examine how 4IR technologies influence productivity through the mediating roles of distributive fairness, quality of work life (QWL), and flexible work arrangements (FWA). By focusing on a region underrepresented in global research, this study addresses a gap in understanding how 4IR tools shape public sector HR practices. The results show that 4IR technologies significantly enhance distributive fairness (β = 0.399, p < 0.01), QWL (β = 0.409, p < 0.01), and FWA (β = 0.460, p < 0.01). In turn, these mediators positively impact productivity, with QWL showing the strongest effect (β = 0.493, p < 0.001). Mediation analysis confirms their critical role in linking 4IR technologies to improved employee outcomes. The study provides theoretical contributions by demonstrating the indirect mechanisms through which 4IR technologies affect productivity and offers practical guidance for HR managers and policymakers on leveraging digital tools to enhance fairness, flexibility, and well-being. Given the cross-sectional design and focus on the public sector, future research should apply longitudinal approaches and explore additional mediators across different organizational settings. These insights emphasize the need to align technological adoption with equitable and employee-centered HR strategies to ensure sustainable organizational growth.