A cross-sectional study of renal metabolic profile of one-humped camel in El-Bayadh province, Algeria

The composition of camel urine can vary depending on factors such as the camel’s diet, health and environmental conditions. The aim of this study is to investigate the various components of camel urine in El-Bayadh province, Algeria, using macroscopic, microscopic examination and biochemistry of urine, as well as plasma analysis. 40 camels were analyzed and urine and blood sample were collected from each camel. The macroscopic urine showed amber yellow color and turbidity in dromedaries aged (2 and 6 years). So, Microscopic examination recorded the same moderate presence of epithelial cells and leucocytes in non-pregnant and lactating females (P=0.001). Adult camels have a moderate presence of leucocytes in the urine compared to young camels, while the Targui breed has a moderate level of leucocytes and erythrocytes (P=0.01). The pH (Hydrogen potential) of camel urine varies between 7 and 8, the density is between 1.02 and 1.04. However, high average ketone (8.3±3.07) in pregnant females (over 6 years) and glucose levels are important in lactating females and very low average levels of bilirubin and urobillin (0.16 and 1.26) were found. Therefore, high average protein levels were recorded in pregnant females (7.5±5.12), young camels (8±2.87) and total absence of ammonia. The biochemical plasma test showed that: a significant effect of age on creatinine with higher levels in lactating She-camels, 30.40 ± 0.71 mg/dL of total protein and 51.24 ± 1.02 mg/dL of albumin. This study highlighted the different components of camel urine and analyzed the renal function. Further studies are recommended.