Construction and control of bio-syncretic robots actuated by living materials

Bio-syncretic robots represent a novel class of robots that integrate biological and artificial materials. These robots combine the high energy efficiency and environmental adaptability of biological tissues with the precise control and programmability of traditional robots, making them a focal point in the field of robotics. This paper reviews the latest research progress in bio-syncretic robots. Initially, we classify and introduce bio-syncretic robots from the perspective of structural design, which incorporates both biological and artificial materials. Subsequently, we provide a detailed discussion of their fabrication techniques and control methodologies. Finally, to facilitate broader applications of bio-syncretic robots, this paper explores their potential applications and future development prospects.