Perfusion Signal Analysis Using Multi-pulsed Arterial Spin Labeling (mPASL) with Multiple Post-labeling Delays: Phantom Validation and Application to the Human Foot

Extending the GKM to mPASL acquisitions demonstrates reliable performance under controlled constant flow conditions. Phantom experiments confirmed the accuracy of the approach, while in-vivo measurements in feet revealed deviations from simulation and constant flow results, suggesting the need to account for physiological factors and potential model extension due to pulsatile flow.