Green and cost-effective phyto fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles for exploring its therapeutic applications

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) are gaining traction for their promising roles in various scientific and medical applications. This study highlights a green synthesis approach using hydroalcoholic extract of Bambusa vulgaris leaves as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent, with copper sulfate serving as the precursor. The solution's transformation to a greenish-brown hue indicated successful nanoparticle formation. Bioactive compounds extracted from the leaves facilitated the reduction and stabilization processes. Comprehensive characterization techniques—including UV-Vis spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, XRD, particle size analysis, and zeta potential measurements—were employed. A UV-Vis peak at 357 nm confirmed surface plasmon resonance, while SEM revealed cuboidal nanoparticle shapes with 46.03 % copper content. XRD affirmed the crystalline structure, and DLS analysis reported an average size of 70.9 nm with a zeta potential of −1 mV. Biological assessments showcased notable bioactivity: antioxidant capacity via DPPH assay, antibacterial effects through agar well diffusion, anticancer action against PC-3 cells using MTT assay, and enhanced wound closure observed in scratch assays. These results suggest that Bambusa vulgaris -derived CuONPs possess strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and wound-healing properties. Overall, this eco-friendly method presents a viable route for producing multifunctional CuONPs with significant therapeutic potential. • The current research focuses on the eco-friendly synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using phytochemicals. • The resulting nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized and found to possess significant therapeutic benefits. • Strong potential in anticancer and wound-healing treatments, making them promising candidates for future biomedical applications rooted in sustainable nanotechnology.