A comparative study of clinical profile and oxidative stress in smokers and non-smokers with COPD

A comparative study of clinical profile and oxidative stress in smokers and non-smokers with COPD Dear Editor, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory condition characterized by persistent symptoms of airway and airflow limitation, affecting over 5% of the population. [1]Smoking is a major cause, but not all smokers develop severe COPD, and non-smokers can also be affected.Non-smoking risk factors, include biomass fuel exposure, high levels of air pollution, occupational exposure, poverty, recurrent childhood respiratory tract infections and previous Pulmonary TB. [2] This study compares clinical profiles, radiological findings, and biomarkers between smokers and non-smokers with COPD.Conducted at our institute, the study includes 80 patients (40 smokers, 40 non-smokers) diagnosed with COPD according to the GOLD COPD guidelines 2022.Data collection was done from January