Energy-Saving Techniques for Raspberry PI

Raspberry Pi is widely used in various experimental systems, yet many developers often overlook energy optimization. Given that many IoT devices rely on batteries or harvest energy, minimizing energy consumption is crucial. This paper reviews methods and principles from academic literature to reduce energy consumption and conducts experiments to evaluate their impact on Raspberry Pi models 3B+, 4B, and 5. Our findings indicate that by disabling certain unused options and interfaces, such as WiFi and Ethernet, the mean power consumption in idle state can be reduced by approximately 66.4 %, 25.6 %, and 11. 2% for Raspberry Pi models 3B+, 4B, and 5, respectively. Additionally, we assess the effect of CPU clock frequency on power consumption and propose a framework for measuring energy consumption.