From Abstract Theory to Immersive Reality: Addressing the XR Dimensions in Education Through a Hybrid Instructional Design Model

The rapid growth of Extended Reality (XR) in education has created challenges for Instructional Design (ID) processes, prompting a re-examination of traditional methods. Although some models address immersive learning, they still do not fully address the integration of virtual environments in practical educational and training scenarios. In this work, we propose a hybrid Instructional Design Framework based on the ASSURE ID model and integrating the TPACK theoretical framework, tailored to effectively integrate appropriate pedagogies into novel technology-assisted educational contexts. Our model begins by analyzing learners' needs and defining objectives aligned with curriculum standards. Next, XR materials are selected to maximize engagement and authenticity, ensuring active student participation. Continuous evaluation and feedback loops are established to maintain quality. By applying TPACK principles, the model balances content, pedagogy and technology, enabling educators to make informed decisions that enhance conceptual understanding, interaction and motivation. In future research, we will refine and test our model in diverse educational contexts, exploring its adaptability across various subjects and age groups. We aim to offer educators and instructional designers a cohesive, practical framework for crafting meaningful, immersive XR experiences. This pilot effort was carried out into the framework of the EU-funded project XR2Learn.