Transforming Maritime Transport in Croatia Through Hydrogen Technologies: Economic Potentials and Critical Perspectives

EU and Croatian legislation and strategies position hydrogen as a key element in decarbonizing the economy, including maritime transport and port operations. Transforming maritime transport using hydrogen involves adapting port infrastructure, developing hydrogen-powered vessels, and implementing new safety standards. Port competitiveness can be enhanced through hydrogen adoption by integrating innovative port infrastructure designed for hydrogen-powered ships. The maritime industry can expand in areas such as hydrogen research, shipbuilding, and the training of professionals in hydrogen handling. However, challenges such as high initial investment costs, lack of specialized infrastructure, and regulatory gaps remain significant. Financial incentives, clear implementation steps, and inter-sectoral cooperation are required to fully develop hydrogen's potential. Despite obstacles, Croatia can become a regional leader in green maritime transport.