Theoretical analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a spatial three-bubble system

The coupling effects and energy transfer mechanisms in multi-bubble systems have been long-standing focal points in fluid dynamics research. In this study, we theoretically investigate the dynamics of a spatial three-bubble system using a compressible bubble dynamics model that incorporates phase transition and migration effects. The dynamic behaviors and energy conversion processes are analyzed for different spatial configurations. Validation is performed through a series of spark-generated bubble experiments. Energy distribution and dissipation characteristics are compared across three experimental cases: two non-collinear arrangements with different initial dimensionless distances, and a linear arrangement. The results show that for bubbles positioned symmetrically, the interaction is governed by both dimensionless distance and arrangement shape. Furthermore, using a dimensionless framework, the effects of spatial configuration and flow field compressibility on system dynamics are examined. In particular, when the three bubbles are symmetrically arranged, fluid compressibility dominates the central bubble's energy dissipation.