Integrating DEM simulations in the design and experimental analysis of a perturbation-type grooved drum seed-metering device for hybrid rice seedlings

This study developed a perturbation-type grooved drum seed-metering device to improve seed mobility and filling efficiency in hybrid rice tray cultivation. The device’s structure and working principles were analyzed, and dynamic and kinematic models optimized key parameters of the drum, grooves, and perturbation elements. Using Fengliangyou 3948 rice seeds, performance was assessed via sowing qualification, multiple sowing, and missed sowing indices. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations identified optimal seed-filling and groove-filling angles and perturbation distribution. A quadratic regression design combined with multi-objective optimization determined the best operational parameters. Tests on Fengliangyou varieties at 550–650 trays/h showed optimal performance at 7.3 r/min drum speed, 85 mm seed layer thickness, 0.26 perturbation aspect ratio, 45° seed-filling angle, 35° groove-filling angle, and 12 mm perturbation spacing. The device achieved a 95.24 % qualification rate and 1.96 % missed sowing rate, meeting precision cultivation standards and offering guidance for hybrid rice tray seed-metering device design.