Agroecological engagement among beginning livestock farmers’ farms in France: a marginal but emerging trend

Introduction Livestock production is undergoing major transformation as it confronts environmental, economic, and social challenges. This study uses statistical analysis of the 2020 French agricultural census to examine the extent to which beginning livestock farmers’ farms contribute to the agroecological transition of livestock farming systems. Methods Utilizing data from the 2020 French Agricultural Census and the Mutualité Sociale Agricole database, we identified farms where at least one farmer obtaine official status as a farm manager between 2010 and 2020 (beginning farmers’ farms [BFF]) and compared them with earlier farmers’ farms (EFF). We characterized these farms based on structural, functional, and sociodemographic variables, emphasizing indicators of agroecological functioning. Through multiple factor analysis and hierarchical clustering, we developed a BFF typology across production orientations. Results Results indicated three to six clusters per production orientation, grouped into four transversal farm types: type A, large-scale farms with limited participation in quality schemes; type B, medium-scale farms with high participation in quality or origin certifications and strong reliance on permanent grassland; type C, small-scale farms with organic certification and short supply chains; and type D, crop-based farms with secondary livestock activities. BFF exhibited greater diversity and more significant engagement in agroecological practices than EFF, particularly through type C farms, which emphasize organic production and short-value chains. BFF comprised a slightly larger share of type C farms than EFF, suggesting a modest shift toward agroecology. However, the majority of beginning livestock farmers still start their careers on type A farms (except for goat farming), which are larger and less engaged in quality schemes, suggesting that the overall transition to agroecological systems is still in its early stages. Type B and C farms represent relatively larger clusters among beginning farmers’ farms than among others, suggesting a possible shift toward more agroecological farming. Discussion These findings underscore both the persistence of structural trends in agricultural transformation and the challenges beginning farmers face in adopting agroecological practices. Facilitating access to production resources, promoting good working conditions, and ensuring fair incomes while preserving the environment should be priorities for agricultural extension services and public policies supporting these transitions.