Legal Analysis of Local Government Authority in Doctor Supervision Post Law No. 17/2023: Between Autonomy and Regulatory Vacuum

This study provides a juridical analysis of the authority of local governments in supervising the medical profession following the enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health. Its main focus lies in the tension between the principle of regional autonomy and the regulatory vacuum, which creates ambiguity in local-level implementation. Using a normative-empirical approach, this study analyzes laws and regulations, academic literature, and institutional practices of medical professional supervision in a regional context. These findings reveal that while local governments have a constitutional and legal basis for exercising supervisory authority, the absence of implementing regulations has led to capacity gaps, procedural inconsistencies, and weak ethical protections for patients and healthcare providers. This research recommends the formulation of national technical regulations, the establishment of regional supervisory units, the integration of digital systems, and the strengthening of collaboration between the government, professional organizations, and civil society. The study confirms that regional autonomy in medical surveillance must be supported by a clear legal framework and ethical, collaborative, and adaptive governance structures.